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The number 12 is just a coincidence, that 3^12 = 531441 ≈ 524288 = 2^19

This means that 3/2 ≈ 2^(7/12) [accurate to about 0.1%]

And also 4/3 ≈ 2^(5/12) [also accurate to about 0.1%]

And also 9/8 = (3/2) / (4/3) ≈ 2^(2/12) [accurate to about 0.2%; putting two factors of 3 in makes the approximation only half as good]

You also get another nice coincidence, that 5^3 = 125 ≈ 128 = 2^7

This means that 5/4 ≈ 2^(4/12) [accurate to about 1%]

There are some people who have written music in a 41-note equal tempered scale, because then you get an even better approximation to the 3/2 ratio:

3^41 = 36472996377170786403 ≈ 36893488147419103232 = 2^65

(3/2) ≈ 2^(24/41) [accurate to about 0.03%]



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